Beautiful but deadly!
It had just stopped raining in the forests southwest of Binnaguri. The sky was overcast. Slowly, the ground absorbed the water which had not flowed away. Under the protective branches of a bush trying to reach high in the shady alcove of the forest, a flash of blue caught my attention.
Ah, a lovely butterfly, I thought as it flashed its way to another such bunch of leaves. When I reached near, the wings opened and a gorgeous pattern of blue wings spotted with white emerged. I rejoiced for I had finally come across the most gaudy and colourful members of the Danaids or Crow family – the Blue Crows.
Amazing buttterflies, the Blue Crows, like other Danaines, are inedible, fly slowly and leisurely flaunt their prominent markings which shout to all creatures of their poison and in-edibility. Once I had the butterfly cupped in my arms, I looked at it very carefully.
I realised that something was wrong but I couldn’t quite put my finger on it.
Suddenly realisation dawned.
The antennas looked strange because they were straight and had no clubbed endings. What I had in my hands was a moth!
Gingerly so as not to harm it, I held it one hand and photographed it with another.
It was really, really beautiful. It mimicked the Blue Crows to perfection; it looked like one. It flew like one. It behaved like one – slow dodging flight, not too difficult to catch, when caught it made body movements just like that made by a Crow, right down to the yellow tendrils waving from the tip of the abdomen. It was quite uncanny.
After a while, I released it and after a full day’s outing went back to my room.
Indian moths are hard to identify. There is a tremendous amount of work yet to be one. The only really comprehensive work, the Fauna of British India, (Moths) volumes, appeared in the last decade of the nineteenth century and was authored by G. F. Hampson.
But I did not have it at that time. Today it is freely downloadable at www.archive.org.
So I did the next best thing! I requested identification on Indian Moths yahoogroup. It turned out to be a most interesting query and the moth turned out to be deadly! Beautiful, but deadly.
Arif Siddiqui in Southeast Arunachal Pradesh responded first. He said that he had spotted the moth just about then and was thinking of posting online for it’s id when he saw my post. From Binnaguri to Jairampur, that’s 694 kilometers apart! A very goodly range indeed!
We soon got it identified from Roger Kendrick, the guy in charge of all the Moths of Hong Kong (seriously ;-)). He told us that –
<quote>
“This looks like the nominate subspecies of a burnet moth (family Zygaenidae, subfamily Chalcosiinae) that goes by the name of Cyclosia midamia, if Endo & Kishida (1999; Day-flying Moths: Chalcosiinae, Epicopeia; Endless Science Information, Tokyo) is anything to go by.
I wonder why people consider burnets as mimics. They are a more primitive group than most larger moths and butterflies – so it would seem logical that they are the original distasteful models that more recently eveloved taxa (especially Danainae) have evolved to mimic (in Müllerian mimicry rings).”
</unquote>
Okay, folks, once more for your comprehension, the moth was identified as :-
Cyclosia midama, Herrich-Schäffer, 1853
Family Zygaenidae or the BURNET MOTHS (Subfamily Chalcosinae)
Disappointed that I had not discovered a species new to science, I decided to read up about “Cyclosia midama”. There wasn’t much. So I decided to read up the Burnet moth family, the Zygaenidae, instead. To my horror I discovered that not only are Burnet moths poisonous but they actually manufacture cyanide in their bodies..
quoting Wikipedia..
“Zygaenid moths are typically day-flying with a slow fluttering flight, and with rather clubbed antennae. They generally have a metallic sheen and often prominent spots of red or yellow. The bright colours are a warning to predators that the moths are distasteful – they contain hydrogen cyanide throughout all stages of their life-cycle. Unlike most insects with such toxins, they manufacture these themselves rather than obtaining them from host plants. They are known to have mimicry complexes based on these toxins.”
and even worse….
“Larvae in two subfamilies, Chalcosiinae and Zygaeninae, have cavities in which they store the cyanide, and can excrete it as defensive droplets.”
I had been so cavalier in handling what was potentially a lethal animal. Tough I passed safely through that encounter, I shudder to think that I could have just as easily handled it more carelessly or even brushed a caterpillar….
This is a very important point that most naturalists who attain a certain degree of confidence (or is it overconfidence) forget. There are dangerous things out there in the jungle – and many times we don’t even recognise them. Zygaenids or burnet moths are very common in the tropics. If you are a predator, its a good idea to avoid bright, prominent insects – as this is nature’s way of saying..
“Stand off! Approach at your own peril!“
Beautiful indeed but deadly!
Image credits –
- Images of Cyclosia midama – self. License same as this blog license.
- Map – Google Earth.
- Book – www.archive.org (Public domain).
- Image – Spotted Blue Crow from Wikimedia Commons (CC-SA-2.0)
Tags: burnet, butterfly, Chalcosiinae, Danainae, dangerous creatures, Fauna of British India, moth, Zygaenidae
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26 August 2009 at 10:30 pm
woahh!! what a wonderful – terrifying find, ashwin! Cyclosia midama looks seductive! Happy that you are back safe to write about this to us 😉
Thanks for the link to the “Fauna of British India”!!
27 August 2009 at 4:07 am
You can download now any of the old books for free! Also try out the Biodiversity Heritage Library!
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/Default.aspx
27 August 2009 at 2:28 am
you mean you could have been injected with a lethal dose of cynide? Had Sherlock Holmes known about this we could have had a wonderful story.
27 August 2009 at 4:14 am
Not injected, but yes if I pierced the body of the moth for some reason, I could have come into contact with the cyanide. Who knows what could have happened?
27 August 2009 at 4:40 am
Dear Ashwin, made a damn good reading and the realisation if how nature can still fool us into believeing in something which it was not !!
Ravi
27 August 2009 at 1:15 pm
Dude,very good effort!! I understand the work behind posting this!! good going..I found this post v interesting n informative!! first time here..nice blog:) wil keep following!Happy to knw u r a registered Indiblogger user! My blog[www.itismyworldhere.blogspot.com] has been nominated for the best blog award in “Literature-short story section” for the month of August!..Do check my short stories and if you feel,I’m worthy enough to win the award,do vote for me @ http://www.indiblogger.in/nominations.php?id=4
Blog Name: Welcome to my world -Benny… thx Ashwin:)
27 August 2009 at 6:33 pm
Thanks Benny, see you on your blog soon.
27 August 2009 at 6:00 pm
Hi
Check out my Photo of the moth from Namdapha in August 2006, just before out ButterflyIndia Meet. http://www.flickr.com/photos/vijaybarve/233461756/
The writeup is really nice.
27 August 2009 at 6:22 pm
Thanks for your Flickr link. Adds depth to the article. BTW Namdapha is further east than Jairampur.
28 August 2009 at 7:05 am
Deadly……thanks for sharing your experience.
Regards
Snigdha
28 August 2009 at 9:05 pm
Great post. Learned something today!
However I doubt that you were in any danger just from holding the moth. Read the following, where other moths from this family are actually eaten …
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2993/0278-0771-29.1.64
29 August 2009 at 5:35 am
Thanks indeed. Very interesting link. Bit of takes away my bluster, sigh….
This practice is called entomophagy and its commoner than we think.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomophagy
29 August 2009 at 11:31 am
its a nice write up.
Before reaching to Dr. Kendric comment, after reading the title ,it just came in my mind that it must be the butterflies which might be mimicing these moths and not vice a versa. If these moths are able to produce cyanide themselves, the buterflies are taking advantage by just mimicing the colour. Howw clever. Then why dont we change our concepts when we know the truth.
Madhuri
29 August 2009 at 12:30 pm
My next post on this moth will expose you to even more of this. The answer as to who’s imitating whom will come out in due course…
30 August 2009 at 2:55 am
Where is myrtle. Dont see her !
30 August 2009 at 4:29 am
Wait for it….
30 August 2009 at 4:46 am
I have not much knowledge about animal kingdom but it makes a fascinating read 🙂
2 January 2011 at 12:50 pm
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